The paper deals with the results of original studies of the phytoplankton taxonomical diversity and structure of dominant complexes phytoplankton in the deep-water lakes of Southern Ural are submitted during a multiwater hydrological cycle. In general, the lake phytoplankton is dominated by green, diatoms and chrysophyta with appreciable participation Dinophyta and the considerable part of blue-green algae.

Keywords: taxonomical diversity, phytoplankton, lakes of Southern Ural, dominant complex

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