At heavy polluted Balaklava Bay (Southwestern Crimea, the Black Sea) and on reference site the 17 stations on soft bottom in depths range 6–23 m in September 2006 were fullfilled. Total 278 species and infraspecies taxa of benthic diatoms were found, among them 40 species were found as newly for the Black Sea flora. The most representative genera were Nitzschia (32 sp. & ssp.), Amphora (31), Navicula (27), Cocconeis (21), Lyrella (14) and Diploneis (13). Based on abundance calculation results and using cluster and MDS analysis, 2 groups of stations were distinguished (I group is at the most polluted internal part of the bay, II one – an external part). The diatom taxocenotic complex with the certain structure was formed within each of the group and characterized by well-defined taxonomic structure. Diversity of diatom taxocen was estimated using of flora ratio, Shannon, Pielow, Simpson, Margalef indices. The indices of taxonomic distinctness AvTaxD (Δ+) and VarTD (Λ+) also were calculated for every investigated station. The greatest values Δ+ was noted at internal part of the bay that is caused by presence in taxocen structure the considerable share of mono- and oligo-species branches. In less polluted external part of the bay values Δ+ are close to the expected mode, corresponding to structure of whole Black Sea benthic diatoms inventory that means prevailing of oligo-specific branches. At reference site the value Δ+ is minimum that is caused by domination of polyspecies branches in a hierarchical tree of taxocen.

Keywords: benthic diatoms, Bacillariophyta, Black Sea, structure of taxocene, taxonomic distinctness indices, diversity assessment

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