The flora of the Gulf of Maloe More, including the Strait of Olkhonskie Vorota, Lake Baikal, is characterised by high diversity of benthic diatoms. Using electron microscopy, 458 species, varieties, and forms of diatoms of the class Pennatophyceae were identified. Among the species detected, 75 % belonged to rare, endemic, and novel ones. The typical species, characteristic of the littoral area in Lake Baikal, were represented by 25 %. Specific characteristics of the taxonomic structure of the species from different sites were described, as well as the abundance of each species was estimated. In addition, the diatom diversity was compared with the data obtained in the past century.

Keywords: Lake Baikal, Bacillariophyta, floristic list, Aneumastus werestschagini comb. nov., benthic community

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