Reaction of planktonic and benthic algae in the Black Sea to the consequences of the destruction of the Kakhovska Reservoir dam on the Dnipro River (Ukraine)
Authors
,
Garkusha O.P.,
Kalashnik K.S.,
Marinets G.V.,
Sokolov Y.V.
Section:
Ecology, Cenology, Conservation of Algae and their Role in NatureIssue:
Vol. 34 No. 2 (2024)Pages:
104-129DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/alg34.02.104Abstract
The paper presents the results of study of the effects of the destruction of the Kakhovka dam on the Black Sea phytoplankton and phytobenthos. As a result of dam blast, unprecedented event took place: a huge volume of fresh water with a high concentration of nutrients and pollutants was dumped into the marine ecosystem. Field observations were conducted in the coastal zone of the Odesa Bay and in the open part of the northwestern part of the Black Sea (NWPB) using satellite technologies, in the period of June–August 2023. The object of research were communities of phytoplankton, micro- and macrophytobenthos. The metods include classical indices of marine algae assessment, analysis of satellite data and a holistic approach using universal morpho-functional indicators. The highest values both of chlorophyll a concentration and the ratio of water bloom area to the total area of the Ukrainian sector of the NWPB were recorded from the middle to the end of July 2023. For coastal phytoplankton, the maximum values of quantitative quantitative indicators of diatoms were noted one week after the catastrophe, of cyanoprokaryotes – two weeks later. Functioning of algae with different ecological activity (S/W of phytoplankton – 964.9, microepiphyton – 542.6, macrophytes – 80.9 (m2∙kg-1) optimizes the mechanism of restoration of the marine ecosystem to the state before the disaster. Temporary wave-like outbreaks of the development of planktonic and benthic algae in conditions of unlimited availability of nutrients in the marine environment were revealed. The half-period of the wave of phytoplankton growth according to the value of the Surface Index (SI, unit) is reached in approximately 3 weeks. In the maximum phase of water bloom the development of macrophytobenthos is inhibited As the intensity of the bloom fades, the conditions for the further development of benthic macroalgae are restored. The half-period of the wave of phytobenthos development (according to the IP value) is approximately 5 weeks.
Keywords:
phytoplankton, epiphytic microalgae, macrophytobenthos, water bloom, morphofunctional indicators, Kakhovka catastrophe, Black Sea, UkraineFull text
References
Alexandrov B.G., Terenko L.M., Nesterova D.A. 2012. The first case of a water bloom by Nodularia spumigena Mert. ex Bom. et Flah. (Cyanoprokaryota) in the Black Sea. Algologia. 22(2): 152–164. [Александров Б.Г., Теренько Л.М., Нестерова Д.А. 2012. Первый случай «цветения» в Черном море Nodularia spumigena Mert. ex Bom. et Flah. (Cyanoprokaryota). Альгология. 22(2): 152164]. https://old.algologia.co.ua/archive/22/2/152
Aubry F.B., Acri F., Scarpa G.M., Braga F. 2020. Phytoplankton - Macrophyte Interaction in the Lagoon of Venice (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy). Water. 12: 2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102810
Barinova S.S., Bеlous O.P., Tsarenko P.M. 2019. Algal indication of water bodies in Ukraine: methods and perspectives. Haifa, Kyiv: Univ. Haifa Publ. 367 p. [Баринова С.С., Бeлоус Е.П., Царенко П.М. 2019. Альгоиндикация водных объектов Украины: методы и перспективы. Хайфа, Киев: Изд-во Ун-та Хайфы. 367 с.].
Berov D., Karamfilov V., Vasilev V., Hiebaum G. 2010. Benthic macroalgal communities as Ecological Quality Indicator of Bulgarian Black Sea coastal water. J. Balkan Ecol. 13(2): 161–171.
Boyer J.N., Kelble C.R., Ortner P.B., Rudnick D.T. 2009. Phytoplankton bloom status: Chlorophyll a biomass as an indicator of water quality condition in the southern estuaries of Florida, USA. Ecological Indicators. 9(6): 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.11.013
Brockmann C., Doerffer R., Peters M., Kerstin S., Embacher S., Ruescas A. 2016. Evolution of the C2RCC neural network for Sentinel 2 and 3 for the retrieval of ocean colour products in normal and extreme optically complex waters. In: Proceedings of the Living Planet Symposium (Prague, 9–13 May, 2016). P. 54.
Bryantseva Yu.V., Lyakh A.M., Sergeeva O.V. 2005. Calculation of biovolumes and surface areas of Black Sea microalgae. Sevastopol: Inst. Biol. South. Seas. Preprint. 25 p. [Брянцева Ю.В., Лях А.М., Сергеева А.В. 2005. Расчет объемов и площадей поверхности одноклеточных водорослей Черного моря. Севастополь: ИнБЮМ. Препринт. 25 с.].
Copernicus Marine Service. URL: https://marine.copernicus.eu/
Dencheva K. 2010. Application of morpho-functional parameters of macrophytes for European water framework directive purposes. CR Acad. Bulg. Sci. 63(6): 893–900.
Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of marine environmental policy, 17 June 2008 (MSFD, 2008/56/EC).
Eremenko T.I. 1980. Macrophytobenthos. In: Guide to methods of biological analysis of sea water and bottom sediments. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat. Рр. 170–177. [Еременко Т.И. 1980. Макрофитобентос. В кн.: Руководство по методам биологического анализа морской воды и донных отложений. Ленинград: Гидрометеоиздат. С. 170–177].
Gotelli N.J. 2008. A Primer of Ecology. Sinauer Assoc. Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts. 314 p.
Guiry M.D., Guiry G.M. 2024. AlgaeBase. World-wide electron. publ. Nat. Univ. Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org (accessed 29 February 2024)
Guslakov N.E. 1980. Microphytobenthos. In: Guide to methods of biological analysis of sea water and bottom sediments. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat. Рр. 166–170. [Гусляков Н.Е. 1980. Микрофитобентос. В кн.: Руководство по методам биологического анализа морской воды и донных отложений. Ленинград: Гидрометеоиздат. С. 166–170].
Guslakov N.E., Zakordonets O.A., Gerasimiuk V.P. 1992. Atlas of diatoms of benthos of the north-western part of the Black Sea and adjoining reservoirs. Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka. 109 p. [Гусляков Н.Е., Закордонец О.А., Герасимюк В.П. 1992. Атлас диатомовых водорослей бентоса северо-западной части Чёрного моря и прилегающих водоёмов. Киев: Наук. думка. 109 с.].
Hadjibiros K. 2013. Ecology and Applied Environmental Science. 1th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 290 p.
Hathout D. 2013. Modeling population growth: exponential and hyperbolic modeling. Appl. Mat. 4: 299–304. https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2013.42045
Hilt S. 2015. Regime shifts between macrophytes and phytoplankton - concepts beyond shallow lakes, unravelling stabilizing mechanisms and practical consequences. Limnetica. 34(2): 467–480. https://doi.org/10.23818/limn.34.35
Hoppenrath M., Elbrachter M., Drebes G. 2009. Marine phytoplankton. Kleine Senckenberg Reihe. Stuttgart: Schweizer. Verlag. 264 p.
IPNI. 2024. International Plant Names Index. Publ. Int. http://www.ipni.org. Roy. Bot. Gardens Kew, Harvard Univ. Herbaria & Librar. and Austral. Nat. Herbar. (accessed Retrieved 29 February 2024)
Jiang M., Nakano S. 2022. The crucial influence of trophic status on the relative requirement of nitrogen to phosphorus for phytoplankton growth. Water Res. 222(6): 118868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118868 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35870387
Kalashnik E.S. 2013. Principles for calculating the surface indices of the epiphytic component of the basophyte - epiphyte algosystem. In: Materials of the VIIІ International scientific and practical work conference. Sevastopol. Pp. 67–69. [Калашник Е.С. 2013. Принципы расчета индексов поверхности эпифитного компонента альгосистемы «базифит-эпифит». В кн: Тезисы VIIІ Международной научно-практической конференции. Севастополь. С. 67–69].
Kalashnik E.S. 2018. Indices of the basiphyte-epiphyte algosystem as indicators of the ecological status of marine coastal ecosystems. Int. J. Algae. 20(3): 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1615/InterJAlgae.v20.i3.50
Kalugina-Gutnik A.A. 1975. Phytobenthos of the Black Sea. Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka. 248 p. [Калугина-Гутник А.А. 1975. Фитобентос Черного моря. Киев: Наук. думка. 248 с.].
Kondratyeva N.V.1968. Hormogoniophyceae. In: Identification manual of freshwater algae of the Ukrainian SSR. Issue. 1. Blue-green algae - Cyanophyta. Pt. 2. Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka. 523 p. [Кондратьєва Н.В. 1968. Hormogoniophyceae. В кн.: Визначник прісноводних водоростей Української РСР. Вип. 1. Синьозелені водорості - Cyanophyta. Ч. 2. Київ: Наук. думка. 523 с.].
Kovalenko O.V. 2009. Flora algae of Ukraine. Vol. 1, issue 1. Chroococcales. Kyiv. 397 p. [Коваленко О.В. 2009. Флора водоростей України. Т. 1, вип. 1. Chroococcales. Київ. 397 с.].
Lee S.H., Bhavya P.S., Kim B.K. 2022. Marine Nitrogen Fixation and Phytoplankton Ecology. Water. 14(10): 1638. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14101638
Minicheva G.G. 1997. Morphofunctional aspects of algae body shape diversity. Algologia. 7(3): 241–250. [Миничева Г.Г. 1997. Морфофункциональные аспекты разнообразия формы тела водорослей. Альгология. 7(3): 241–250].
Minicheva G.G. 1998. Morphofunctional basis of the formation of marine phytobenthos: Dr. Sci. (Biol.) Аbstract. Sevastopol. 32 p. [Миничева Г.Г. 1998. Морфофункциональные основы формирования морского фитобентоса: Автореф. дис… д-ра биол. наук. Севастополь. 32 с.].
Minicheva G.G. 2013. Use of the macrophytes morphofunctional parameters to assess ecological status class in accordance with the EU WFD. Mar. Ecol. J. 3: 5–21.
Minicheva G.G., Zotov A.B., Kosenko M.N. 2003. Methodical recommendations on the morpho-functional indics defined for unicellular and multicellular forms of aquatic vegetation. Odessa. 32 p. [Миничева Г.Г., Зотов А.Б., Косенко М.Н. 2003. Методические рекомендации по определению морфофункциональных показателей одноклеточных и многоклеточных форм водной растительности. Одесса. 32 с.].
Minicheva G.G., Kosenko M.N., Shvets A.V. 2009. Phytobenthos of the large and small Phyllophora fields, as a reflection of the current ecological state of the northwestern part of the Black Sea. Mar. Ecol. J. 4(8): 24–40. [Миничева Г.Г., Косенко М.Н., Швец А.В. 2009. Фитобентос большого и малого Филлофорных полей как отражение современного экологического состояния северо-западной части Черного моря. Мор. экол. журн. 4(8): 24–40].
Minicheva G.G., Zotov A.B., Kalashnik E.S. 2014. Comparison of «bloom» and fire on the example of algaesystem phytoplankton-macrophytes. Int. J. Algae. 16(3): 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1615/InterJAlgae.v16.i3.60
Minicheva G.G., Zotov A.B., Bolshakov V.M., Kalashnik K.S., Marinets G.V., Shvets G.V. 2015. Autotrophic surfaces - a phytoindication tool for monitoring aquatic ecosystems. Nauk. zap. Ternop. nats. ped. univ. Ser. Biol. 64(3-4): 470–473. [Мінічева Г.Г., Зотов А.Б., Большаков В.М., Калашнік К.С., Маринець Г.В., Швець Г.В. 2015. Автотрофні поверхні - інструмент фітоіндикації для моніторингу водних екосистем. В кн: Наук. зап. Терноп. нац. пед. уні-ту. Сер. Біол. 3–4(64): 470–473].
Minіcheva G.G., Bondarenko O.S., Bogatova Yu.I., Bolshakov V.M., Bushuiev S.G., Garkusha О.P., Dyatlov S.Ye., Kalashnik E.S., Koshelev О.V., Kudrenko S.А., Kulakova I.I., Marinets A.V., Migas R.V., Martynyuk M.O., Nikonova S.Ye., Rybalko О.А., Synyogub I.О., Sokolov Ye.V., StadnichenkoS.V., Khutornoi S.О., Vinogradov О.K., Kvach Yu.V., Demchenko V.O., Son M.O. 2023. Reaction of the marine ecosystem to the consequences of destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir dam. Mar. Ecol. J. 1-2: 52–68. [Мінічева Г.Г., Бондаренко О.С., Богатова Ю.І., Большаков В.М., Бушуєв С.Г., Гаркуша О.П, Дятлов С.Є., Калашнік К.С., Кошелев О.В., Кудренко С.А., Кулакова І.І., Маринець Г.В., Мігас Р.В., Мартинюк М.О., Ніконова С.Є., Рибалко О.А., Синьогуб І.О., Соколов Є.В., Стадніченко С.В., Хуторной С.О., Виноградов О.К., Квач Ю.В., Демченко В.О., Сон М.О. 2023. Реакція морської екосистеми на наслідки руйнування греблі Каховського водосховища. Мор. екол. журн. 1–2: 52–68]. https://doi.org/10.47143/1684-1557/2023.1-2.6
Moncheva S., Parr B. 2010. Manual for Phytoplankton Sampling and Analysis in the Black Sea. Istanbul. 68 р.
Moschonas G., Gowen R.J., Paterson R.F., Gowen R.J., Paterson R.F., Mitchell E., Stewart B.M., McNeill S., Gibert P.M., Davidson K. 2017. Nitrogen dynamics and phytoplankton community structure: the role of organic nutrients. Biogeochemistry. 134(1): 125–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0351-8 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32025070 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6979524
Nesterova D.A. 1988. Methodological recommendations for the collection and processing of marine phytoplankton. Odessa: IBSS. 19 p. [Нестерова Д.А. 1988. Методические рекомендации по сбору и обработке морского фитопланктона. Одесса: ИнБЮМ. 19 c.].
Nesterova D.A. 2001. Bloom of water in the northwestern part of the Black Sea (Review). Algologia. 11(4): 502–513. [Нестерова Д.А. «Цветение» воды в северо-западной части Чёрного моря (Oбзор). Альгология. 11(4): 502–513].
Nesterova D.A. 2006. Phytoplankton. In: Northwestern part of the Black Sea: Biology and ecology. Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka. Pp. 175–184. [Нестерова Д.А. 2006. Фитопланктон. В кн: Северо-западная часть Чёрного моря: биология и экология]. Киев: Наук. думка. С. 175–184].
Plus M., Auby I., Maurer D., Trut G., Amo Y., Dumas F., Thouvenin B. 2015. Phytoplankton versus macrophyte contribution to primary production and biogeochemical cycles of a coastal mesotidal system. A modelling approach. Estuar., Coastal Shelf Sci. 165: 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.09.003
Proshkina-Lavrenko A.I. 1955. Diatoms of plankton of the Black Sea. Moscow, Leningrad: AN SSSR Publ. 222 p. [Прошкина-Лавренко А.И. 1955. Диатомовые водоросли планктона Черного моря. М., Л.: Изд-во АН СССР. 222 с.].
Shcherbak V.I., Semenyuk N.Ye. 2011. The use of phytomicroperiphyton to assess the ecological status of anthropogenically altered aquatic ecosystems. Hydrobiol. J. 47(2): 27–42. [Щербак В.И., Семенюк Н.Е. 2011. Использование фитомикроперифитона для оценки экологического состояния антропогенно измененных водных экосистем. Гидробиол. журн. 47(2): 27–42]. https://doi.org/10.1615/HydrobJ.v47.i4.20
Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V. 2008. Long-term dynamics of blooms microalgae in the coastal zone of the Odessa Bay (Black Sea). Mar. Ecol. J. 2(7): 76–86. [Теренько Л.М., Теренько Г.В. 2008. Многолетняя динамика «цветений» микроводорослей в прибрежной зоне Одесского залива (Чёрное море). Мор. экол. журн. 2(7): 76–86].
Terenko L.M., Nesterova D.A. 2015. Cyanoprokaryota of the plankton of the Northwestern Black Sea (Ukraine). Algologia. 25(3): 278–296. [Теренько Л.М., Нестерова Д.А. 2015. Cyanoprokaryota планктона северо-западной части Черного моря (Украина). Альгология. 25(3): 278–296]. https://doi.org/10.15407/alg25.03.278
Tsarenko P.M. 1990. Brief identification manual of chlorococcal algae of Ukrainian SSR. Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka. 208 p. [Царенко П.М. 1990. Краткий определитель хлорококковых водорослей Украинской ССР. Київ: Наук. думка. 208 с.].
Tuchkovenko Yu., Stepanenko S. 2023. The impact of destruction of the Kakhovka dam on the environmental status of the Odesa area of the Black Sea. Probl. water suppl., sewer. hydraul. 44: 71–80. [Тучковенко Ю.С., Степаненко С.М. 2023. Вплив руйнування греблі Каховської ГЕС на екологічний стан Одеського району Чорного моря. Проблеми водопостачання, водовідведення та гідравліки. 44: 71–80]. https://doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2023.44.71-80
Vaičiūtė D., Sokolov Y., Bučas M., Dabulevičienė T., Zotova O. 2024. Earth Observation-Based Cyanobacterial Bloom Index Testing for Ecological Status Assessment in the Open, Coastal and Transitional Waters of the Baltic and Black Seas. Rem. Sens. 16(4): 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040696
Vandermeer J. 2010. How Populations Grow: The Exponential and Logistic Equations. Nat. Educat. Know. 3(10): 15.
Wu Z., Chen M., Fu X., Ouyang L., Wu X. 2022. Thermodynamic analysis of an ecologically restored plant community: Ecological niche. Ecol. Mod. 464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109839
Zhang Y., Xu D, Li T, Qiao L, Xu N. 2022. Effects of large-scale Sargassum fusiforme culture on phytoplankton community structure and water quality. Front. Mar. Sci. Vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.907726
Zinova A.D. 1967. Identification manual of green, brown and red algae of the Southern seas of the USSR. Moscow; Leningrad: Nauka Press. 397 p. [Зинова А.Д. Определитель зелёных, бурых и красных водорослей южных морей СССР. М.; Л.: Наука. 397 с.].
Zotov A. B. 2016. Possibility of use of phytoplankton surface characteristics as indicator, which meets EU Water Framework Directive provisions. Hydrobiol. J. 52(2): 3−14. [Зотов А.Б. 2016. Возможности использования показателей поверхности фитопланктона в качестве фитоиндикаторов водной директивы ЕС. Гидробиол. журн. 52(2): 3−14]. https://doi.org/10.1615/HydrobJ.v52.i4.10
